Tuesday, November 27, 2007

Global Citizenship: Thinking Beyond Borders

Back in April 2007 - oh, it seems so long ago now - I was awarded an Irma M. Parhad Programmes Studentship. This program gives money to students who are traveling abroad thereby enabling them to develop a holistic understanding of a situation abroad that is disrupting human health and welfare. It is then the student's responsibility to convey that understanding with the Calgary community upon his or her return.

http://www.ucalgary.ca/md/PARHAD/student-purpose.htm

From November 22-24, 2007 the Irma M. Parhad Programmes held its annual conference, this year entitled: Global Citizenship, Thinking Beyond Borders. Myself, and five other students had the opportunity to share their stories and learnings from their experience overseas. Here is my presentation...

My name is Brenna Atnikov, and this past summer I was living in a small village called Oyarifa – just north of Accra in Ghana, West Africa working on the knowledge creation piece of my thesis process. I was working with children – as my co-researchers – on a community development project which used photography as an advocacy tool, while also evaluating their individual experiences of growth and change as a result of their participation.

But before I get into more detail, allow me to begin by telling you a brief story – one I’ve told many times, and which I could not have predicted would serve as the underlying motivation for much of the work I do.

When I was in Junior High school – perhaps grade 8 or 9 – my mother went to my school’s Parent-Teacher interviews, an annual opportunity for parents to hear first hand what teachers had to say about their children. It is at this meeting where my French teacher asked my mom, “how did you manage to raise such confident, independent thinking children?”.

Now, keep in mind the context: I went to an extremely small school – 500 children from nursery to grade 9 (there were only 23 of us in my graduating class). A school where bullying, especially amongst the girls was rampant. Personally, I remember being kicked and told to “break a leg” just before going on stage to perform my new country line dance routine – a completely devastating moment – and I witnessed other girls being told not to talk to other girls, and on and on. We all know how devastating experiencing bullying can be – generally that it can contribute to a person’s low self-esteem and confidence in one’s self. And yet, I had a teacher asking how I remained so self confident.

And so, my mother’s response to my teacher’s question was, “I tell my children I love them everyday”. And she was right… At the end of the day, yes I was upset and hurt, but I also knew there were people that cared about me.

My mother recounted this interaction between herself and my teacher when she returned home, I put it aside, and never really gave it much thought.

And then, 5 years later, now 19 years old, I was attending the University of Victoria’s Child and Youth Care Program where I saw numerous examples of what life can be like for kids and teens who are not told – everyday – that they are loved by someone who matters to them.

And 8 years after that, at 27 years old, I am a Master’s of Social Work student, wondering what would OR will happen if an entire generation of children and youth are never told the they matter, that their opinion counts, that they are loved.

And so begins my inquiry and the work that brought me to Ghana this past summer.

Along the way, several other elements of social work have intrigued me, so much so, that their incorporation into my field work and thesis research with children was inevitable.

Firstly, I was introduced to the concepts of Adult Education and liberatory education. Essentially – that education does not have to be a banking process where a teacher passes on knowledge to a student. Rather, both facilitator and learner – notice the change of language – have something to learn from one another in a process of mutual and reciprocal learning. It is through this pedagogy – or style of instruction – where meaningful and collective knowledge creation for social change occurs.

In my work in Ghana I simply took the principles of Adult Education – namely critical pedagogy and critical consciousness – and applied them to working with children.

Second, the concept, and associated values and ethics of Community Development was introduced to me and immediately resonated. For me, it provided the ideal focal point for my work to revolve around. This as opposed to micro-level, counseling work – which I studied in depth at the University of Victoria – and which I came to believe was simply putting a band-aid on much larger, systemic problems. And on the other end of the continuum, my time in Development Studies overwhelmed me with a global system of policies, treaties, and conventions which do not appear to make significant change on the ground. Community development, or in other words, “building active and sustainable communities based on social justice and mutual respect”, with actual community members, fits much better with how I see myself being able to contribute to significant, lasting change.

Overtime however, I began to find the concept of Community Development over-shadowed the critical component of community which is so important to development, namely: individuals. And I wondered: “If communities are essentially comprised of individuals, how must individuals change in order for community transformation to happen?”

Piecing it all together then – along with my passion for the African continent and my interest in working with children and youth – I developed my field placement program and thesis research around individual and community development. More specifically, I wanted to learn about individual experiences of participation in an active community building program, and how that contributes to hope and building meaningful community change.

The actual program design was guided by the Photovoice approach – which seeks to contribute to social change through photography. This happens when cameras are entrusted to the hands of people to enable them to act as recorders, and potential catalysts for social action and change in their own communities.

So, once a week, for three and a half months, I met with 21 youth between 10 and 16 years old, where we would engage in critical thinking and learning activities, whose purpose was to begin to look at their individual struggles and challenges from a different perspective, initiate group solidarity, and to prompt and inspire the images they would eventually capture.

At the end of it all – 21 cameras, 46 pictures and stories, and countless rolls of film – the group hosted a photo exhibit on October 5 in Accra to showcase their pictures and accompanying stories to representatives of government ministries, child and rights based NGOs, arts groups, university professors, and concerned citizens. The photo exhibit – entitled Images for Development, had the theme of Health & Safety Issues in Our Community – served as the “action” component of the program – an advocacy tool – where children’s vivid photographs and stories provided evidence and initiated the dialogue to build healthful public policy.

The last piece of the program was to evaluate what the experience of participation was like for my co-researchers with the intention of uncovering the processes, structures, and styles which enable “community development learning” – a concept I found through the Federation for Community Development Learning” – and one which I like because it expands on the deficiencies of ‘community development’ by including individuals and their personal change and growth in the development process.

Based on the children’s evaluation and feedback, the successes of this program include:
The children said their skill sets have increased to include knowing how to: use a camera, speak in public, and express oneself clearly;
Learning how to think and observe critically;
They now view themselves as people who can be leaders in their community today, rather than waiting to be adults;
They think their opinion matters and they feel confident to share it; and
They assessed themselves to be more disciplined and better behaved.
If one has an understanding of Ghanaian culture, and children’s position in it, I consider these to be major milestones.
I also learned from the children and had many beliefs reinforced. For example:
Participatory approaches to research are a powerful development tool. In other words, research is not just an academic pursuit, but can and should be an educative experience for community members so that they can initiate change;
When you raise the bar and have high expectations – of anyone – they reach the bar, and often go far beyond;
Children and youth are wise, creative, and have an incredible amount of knowledge to contribute to the development process – adults need to acknowledge this fact and genuinely incorporate young people into their work;
And finally… hope is the most essential ingredient of all…
I wish I could have written it myself, but author Studs Terkel says it best, so I’ll just quote him:
“In all epochs, there were at first doubts and the fear of stepping forth and speaking out, but the attribute that spurred the warriors on was hope. And the act. Seldom was there despair or a sense of hopelessness. Some of those on the sidelines, the spectators, feeling helpless and impotent, had by the very nature of the passionate act of others become imbued with hope themselves”.

What I believe Studs Terkel is saying is that it takes one person – only one – with enough courage and hope to step forward. I saw this firsthand in Ghana, with a few courageous children in my project provide the strength for others to join. Afterwards, it’s a chain reaction of people coming on board. And so I leave you with the following questions… If all children are told they matter, that they are loved, that their opinion is valuable, if they know they count – what would our world look like then? Who would be “getting on board” to help us address our most difficult problems? What kind of hope would we have?




Many thanks to Dr. Clark and the Parhad team which significantly contributed to my thesis research in Ghana!

Thursday, November 15, 2007

Images for Development - A Photo Exhibit By Youth

Friday, October 5 was the culmination of my work with the children of Newells Academy and Link Social Youth Club. The 21 children I worked with created - through the Photovoice (www.photovoice.com) Methodology - a vivid and significant photo exhibit on health and safety issues in their community. This exhibit was, and will be used, as an advocacy tool to educate adults and all community members about issues pertinent to these young leaders.

The photos, and accompanying captions, told the childrens' stories - their voices, their perspectives, their ideas as to what needs to change in their community in order to create a world fit for all its citizens. Several months of preparation went into this day: weekly meetings where the children participated in various critical thinking and learning activities, picture taking, journal writing, and not to mention endless hours of "pounding the pavement" in Accra in order to invite government ministries, and child friendly and rights based NGOs.

In the end, attendance was small, yet the presence of those who were there was meaningful (it is time to stop judging the success of an event based on the number of bodies in a room). The Deputy Minister of Women and Children's Affairs, Hon. Minister Dugan, spent important moments with each "photographer", asking them about the inspiration and/or motivation for their pictures and also inquired about ways to more genuniely engage youth in active community building.

Mrs. Susan Sabaa, the founder of the NGO Coalition on the Rights of the Child in Ghana was an excellent chairperson - who along with Marilyn Amponsah Annan of the Ministry of Women and Children's Affairs - also spent a significant amoun t of time with the children in order to not only listen, but hear, their concerns and hopes.

In addition, several NGOs, a university professor, and an arts-based organizations attended the exhibit providing opportunities for networking and the exchange of information and ideas. Most importantly, people shared stories about their work and kept hope for change alive.

I am extremely proud of all the hard work and energy that each and everyone of the group members contributed in order to make this event a success. Afterwards, they told me that their favorite part of the day was having a moment where they were the center of attention, where adults asked them questions and then took the time to listen. They spoke with confidence and pride - and ware unquestionably young, strong, and talented leaders for today and tomorrow.

Some journalists were also in attendance. Check out this article from the Ghana News Agency:
http://www.ghana.gov.gh/ghana/photo_exhibition_youth_opens.jsp

Thursday, September 27, 2007

Getting the Picture Out!

Just an exciting update about the upcoming photo exhibit... Somehow or another I've managed to tap into some great networks here in Ghana, specifically with one freelance journalist/self-professed Youth and Community Development Social Worker. Kingsley and I share similar views on so many things, and he is shining example of an amazing local organizer, mobalizer, and social change agent. He is involved with everything 'youth' in Accra and so has sent the information round to many, many people.

This morning I got a phone call from the Foundation for Contemporary Art Ghana, who kindly requested to post our event on their website! They also want me to write a review of the event so that it can be included in their next newsletter.

So, check us out online... www.fcaghana.org. Click on the link for What's Up - Upcoming Events and scroll down to Oct 5 (Images for Development).

Sunday, September 23, 2007

To Go to Togo












I’ve been back two months now, and am finally sitting down to write about my trip to Togo and Ghana’s Volta Region. Going to Togo proved to be a somewhat challenging experience but it also offered many rewards and learning opportunities.



Trouble began almost instantaneously when my phone was stolen in the “no man’s land” between the countries – we had officially left Ghana, but had not yet entered Togo. The phone was picked from an outside pocket in my backpack, so in some ways you could say I had it coming. But I didn’t want to be the untrusting tourist carrying a big backpack on my front… Thus, the phone being stolen! Looking on the bright side however – at lest the phone was picked and it wasn’t forcibly taken from me. At the end of it all it was actually wasn’t the best phone anyway – the battery never lasted for more than a day – but it was the personal violation of having something of mine taken that upset me the most.



Once in Lome –the capital of Togo – my friend Alyssa and I found a nice hotel and began exploring the city in search of a bank machine. Herein lies travel advice number one: always go with the currency the country actually uses! Who would have thought there wouldn’t be one ATM in Lome that would accept our debit cards? And, the banks don’t want cedis (Ghanaian currency) because it’s not as strong as the CFA (French West Africa Franc). So, we ended up changing money in the market, on the street, from a guy who could have totally taken advantage of us, but actually gave us a fair rate. Good… so now actually have money!



Back at the hotel, Alyssa and I began what would be one of many fascinating and eye-opening conversations. Just to provide context – Alyssa is a bi-racial woman, but from what I understand identifies much more with her Black identity. And I, obviously am a White woman where while I’ve spent a somewhat significant amount of time in Africa, have never really had many friends from a different race. So, our two very different worldviews, perspectives, and observations about everything really opened my eyes and mind to a world that I never knew existed.



In Social Work we’ve heard about theories relating to “learned helplessness”, “internalized oppression”, and “outsider vs. insider” – but hearing one Black person’s experience of the world and putting that into context regarding the observations I’d had up to that point was really important for me to hear.



In the end, through all our conversations the same notion that kept coming to my mind was one of “the post-colonial psyche”. It’s now something that I am truly intrigued about. I find myself wondering: What is the personal and collective legacy of colonialism? How does this impact the national psyche? What does this do for the development of children – or in other words, what implicit and explicit messages do children receive about their worth, not only as an individual but as a Black person?



When I was in Uganda, many of the Black Social Workers there told me that they are sick and tired of post-colonial theory – that if offered nothing to them anymore and it was time to move on. And I wonder, is this entirely true? And then finally, how does a weak or damaged psyche hinder development and what can be done about it? With all the recent attention on Science and Technology as the key to development, are we not missing something if we don’t focus on people’s psychosocial well-being at the same time? Maybe just the Social Worker in me…



So, needless to say, while I wasn’t expecting it, Togo ended up being a critical piece to the evolution of my research interests and my inquiry.



Well, Alyssa and I only stayed in Lome – a surprisingly quiet and laid back city – for one night and then traveled northwest to Kpalime. The distance and direction is similar to that between Calgary and Banff. Going this way captured our attention because it is known as a great hiking destination and since I was missing the hiking season at home, I wanted to check it out.



The first hike we did was Mr. Kluto – and we did a botanical tour of the area. While the hike wasn’t particularly challenging – we stopped every few feet to learn about a new plant – it was a great lesson in learning how to listen and being in the moment. On the hike we learned what plants coke, glue, paint, velour, and chocolate come from – and of course practiced our French! It was really amazing because it’s so easy to walk by all the plants and think… well, nothing, really… there’s just a lot of green plants! But in fact, I was reminded of how at home so many of us take for granted all of our pre-packaged good. We are so far removed from where everything comes from and it was good to be reminded.



The second hike was Mt. Agou – which was much more rigorous and challenging. First we had to find the trail head and second, we had to find a guide. So, as the Lonely Planet suggested, we just got on taxi-motos (motorcycle taxis) and went to the hospital 20 kilometers away that was named in the guidebook. When we got there, we asked around to see if anyone would show us the way up and the first two young lads we asked agreed – so we were in luck!



About five minutes into the hike we reached a junction – a type of ‘chose your own adventure’ moment. Most “Yovos” (Whites) choose the path to the left, which is the paved road leading up the mountain… or there is the other path to the right, a little less worn but looking much more interesting. So naturally we chose “the right” path, and that was such a good decision! We found ourselves hiking through villages perched on the side of the mountain, with extremely beautiful, warm people all tremendously curious as to just what we were doing. Turns out, many Yovos not only take the road but they go by car… never taking the opportunity to interact with local people.



So, after three hours up the mountain we were at the top of Mt. Agou looking out into the valley in Togo and Ghana’s Volta Lake in the distance. Our guides even seemed to be enjoying themselves, and as we found out, for one of them it was their first journey up the mountain too! I wonder if he’s been again since – and is managing to make some money from the work.



After the Kpalime area Alyssa and I headed back to Ghana to spend one night in Akosombo (the site of Akosombo Dam, which damed the Volta River and created the largest man-made lake in the world) before heading back to Accra. One more challenge lay ahead however! When we got to the border we were told that I could leave Togo no problem, but that Alyssa would have to stay because her visa had been completed – or rather uncompleted – incorrectly. The immigration officer in Lome “failed” to write the dates she entered Togo on – and since you’re only allowed seven days in the country they had no way of knowing if she had over stayed her visa or not. So ridiculous really since her entry stamp – our entry stamp – clearly stated we entered on the 19th and it was six days later. Regardless, the guy didn’t listen and said we’d have to go back to Lome to get the problem fixed. Or… we could just pay 10,000 CFAs (equivalent to $20 Cdn) and the whole problem would just disappear.



Now, while all of this is going on the poor people on our bus all had to get off because we were taking so long and it as time for the Muslim people to pray. It was also the heat of the day and too hot to sit on the bus.



So, Alyssa pays the man what is essentially his bribe and we finally get on our way. As we explained to everyone on the bus what happened they all just rolled their eyes and said “what can you expect”… In fact, there’s no doubt in my mind that the immigration officer in Lome didn’t intentionally fill out Alyssa’s visa incorrectly so that a bribe would have to be paid somewhere… like some sort of agreement between all the border guards. In fact, he spelled my last name wrong and I just prayed that nobody noticed!



And so that was our final experience of Togo… My next trip outside of Ghana would prove to be very different…



Burkina Faso-nating

















When you go to a country that literally means “Land of the Incorruptibles” it already has a different feeling about it! Burkina Faso was simply a great country, it felt great to be there, and even the mood of the people – collectively – was different than Togo.




First though – the journey there…




13 hours by bus from Accra to Tamale
10 hours of sleep
3 hours by trotro to Bolga
30 minute taxi ride to Paga and the border
2 great immigration officers
1 bad man and taxi ride
(And thus) 3 hours by bus to Ouagadougou (The capital city of Burkina Faso)




The journey = priceless!




So, we made it to Burkina with no problems…and right from the start the country felt different – most notably at the border. First, I have to say I despise land borders in Africa. On my overland trip five years ago I rarely had a good experience at any border, and Togo only reconfirmed my fears were valid. But the border at Burkina was calm and orderly and easy to navigate. When we told the immigration officer that we didn’t have passport photos (we didn’t know we needed them for our visa) he just said, “okay, let’s just get on with the paper work anyway”. From my experience elsewhere, this would have been a prime opportunity for bribery – but the thought never seemed to enter the man’s head. Our visas were filled out with exceptional are and attention to detail – and then we were off to Ouaga.




We got into the capital city at night so Roanna and I decided to find a restaurant nearby for dinner and then called it a day…




…Our first priority the next day was to figure out transportation to Gorum-Gorum – where we would go in a day’s time. Like many other things during our trip, we accomplished the task with ease (even found a great place to stop and have a cold drink)… and then it was time to explore Ouaga!




Ouaga is a well organized city, fairly easy to navigate, with a small town feel. I don’t recall seeing any buildings more than 2 or 3 stories tall, and all the people were extremely friendly and helpful – even with my broken French. Roanna’s skill with language saved us lots of frustration!




We decided to go to the Musee de la Musique… and after a brief walk around, reading exhibits in French I didn’t understand, we were trying to decide what to do next when we were led into the music room. Next thing we know, all the guides were with us and they played a few songs on the drums and xylophone. Then, we were invited in to what would become a two and a half hour drumming lesson and jam session! Very cool and lots of fun… All the “music” – or noise, it’s all relative I guess – we were making attracted a lot of Burkina be people in off the streets and before we knew it we had an audience, people singing, and one other traveler join us. Eventually we got hungry and had to say our good-byes, but it was a great experience.




That evening, our music-filled day continued at a restaurant near our hotel – where we ate delicious food and listened to live music on stage.




The next day it was time to hit the road again – this time northeast to Gorum-Gorum and the edge of the Sahel desert. Once again we received the best of Burkinabe hospitality with a comfortable four hour bus ride, which got us to a town called Dori, two hours from our final destination. In Dori, we were met by the owner of the “campement” we were staying at – who got us onto the “bushtaxi” we needed for our final leg of the journey. Once in Gorum-Gorum we were met at the roadside by Ibra – the owner’s son – who took us to our hotel (2 mud huts) and then to a nearby restaurant for dinner.




We returned to our hotel to find our beds – under the stars – waiting for us, and settled in for a peaceful night under the African sky. I remember waking up at one point during the night, looking up at the black and silver sky, and thinking… “oh yeah, I’m in Burkina Faso”, smiling, rolling over, and falling back asleep.




The next day, a Thursday, was market day! We went and visited what is still – apparently – one of the last remaining authentic markets in Africa. Once which is geared to the local people and their needs not the whims of travelers and tourists. So, there was lots of food stuff, clothes, and household necessities. It was also really, really hot… so we took our leave and went for lunch…




When the heat of the day finally broke we began our journey – via camel – twelve kilometers into the desert to a small village within the desert’s dunes where we had hoped to sleep under the stars again. But, a massive thunder and lightening storm put the kibosh on that plan. Instead, our group plus another four “yovos” and their guides al crammed into the village’s one room school where we slept on the cement floor and tried not to get soaked – both from rain leaking in through the windows and roof.




The next morning it was up early to catch the sunrise, have breakfast, and then back on the camels. This day though my camel was an imbecile (mon chameau est un imbecile!) – he decided he was afraid of water, and there was a lot around because of the rain storm, and he led me through almost every thorn tree possible. So, my arms and hands were completely scratched up by the end of this journey!!!




Finally though we ended up back at our camp, where we had a long siesta – after not sleeping the night before – had a late lunch, and then went to watch a beautiful sunset with storm clouds in the distance. We had a great night that evening hanging out with our news friends Ibra and his cousin Younoussa… playing cards, drinking coffee and traditional tea, getting a fashion show of clothes worn to mosque for Ramadan, etc…




But then, the next morning we regrettably had to begin our journey back to Ouaga, and after that, back “home” to Accra.




And Time Goes On... Research Update






It’s hard to believe, but we are now three months into the research/photovoice project (4 months total in Ghana) and it’s time to begin thinking about endings, closure, and new beginnings after my departure. Like any project, this one has not been without its challenges, but also many significant successes.


Some of the challenges were:



  1. The physical environment: Originally we met under one of the trees in the school compound, but quickly it was clear that this wasn’t conducive to getting any meaningful work done. Children playing in the yard, cars passing, the wind catching papers, etc… all got in the way and disturbed our conversations. So, we moved to one of the classrooms – which was a little better. Now at least we had tables to work on, and a bit more privacy, but still there were disruptions. Many of the kids I have in my group have younger siblings who wait at the school for us to finish… and in the meantime come in and out of the group to ask their brothers or sisters something. As the classrooms are not finished, and we are in many ways still essentially outside, the wind would often times be the source of many annoyances and frustrations. Who would have thought, but an important logistical issue to keep in mind! As a comfortable and favorable physical environment plays a critical role in helping to establish a conducive work environment and trusting relationships, this has been a constant struggle throughout the project.


  1. Language: While the official language, and the one taught in schools, is English there is still a definite language barrier between myself and the children. This was most apparent when teaching the kids how to use a camera, as it was a challenge to explain concepts like ‘exposure’, ‘lighting’, ‘flash’, etc in ways that were understandable.


  1. The cameras themselves presented several problems. I ended up buying Kodak ‘point-and-shoot’ cameras (thank you everyone at the fundraiser!) – Very simple ones that use film, have a flash, and are self wound and re-wound. Not all the cameras performed well however, with some of them failing to wind the film after the child had taken anywhere between five and 10 pictures. This resulted in a lot of spoiled film, and several frustrated children whose hard work was being thrown away. Not to mention that just going into town from where we live is not easy, and so it often took several days to get more film and get the child back on his or her way. But perhaps this is a reality of life here, and the group took to the set-backs well and continued to move forward.


  1. As I would learn, and probably should have expected, the cameras were a hot commodity, even amongst family members of the co-researchers. I had a few children approach me saying that various family members had taken their cameras – and with that there film – to take their own pictures. Based on a culture that adheres strongly to the notion of seniority, often times the children in my group were in no position to say, “no, that’s my camera and you can’t use it right now”. So, some kids went weeks without their camera, without telling me…


  1. Long Vacation: I was failed to be informed during the planning of my trip that the children would have a three week vacation between academic years. So, in the last three weeks of August our group only met once. What was particularly frustrating was that when I found out about the vacation – probably late June or early July – I spoke about it with the group and we all agreed to meet anyways. Turns out though, “yes” often means “no”, especially to someone in authority so as to avoid conflict in the moment. Perhaps similar to the philosophy of “its better to ask for forgiveness than to ask for permission”. We were further hampered by the fact that not many students actually come to school the first week of classes, so that we have only really gotten going again in the last two or three weeks. So, this has caused a serious set back on my timing and is making my remaining time here hectic and a bit concerning. However, one learns to roll with the punches.

And the success…


1. Children are learning to express themselves, think critically, and even I dare say, are enjoying learning. Yes, I’ve actually seen smiles on their faces when they learn something new!


2. The children are speaking to others who are not in the group about what they are doing, and from what I can tell are using the attention to develop themselves as leaders.


3. The cameras have become an income generating tool for some families. While it served as a disturbance to one girl’s picture taking time, her father was hired because he had a camera to take pictures at a graduation ceremony. This particular family is extremely poor and the father’s work was a source of much needed income.


4. The pictures the kids are taking are stimulating important dialogue amongst themselves, including sharing health information. One boy the other day, was asking another, “Do you know where malaria comes from”?


5. The children are learning to be self-advocates and are realizing that “even at their age” they have something important to say.


Speaking of which, we are coming very close to the end of the first part of the photovoice experience – critical thinking/learning, picture taking, and analysis – and are preparing for the next stage – action and advocacy. Thus, we are hosting a photo exhibit at the British Council in Accra on Friday, October 5. We have invited all the Ministries responsible for Social Services in Ghana, plus a few others whose mandates match the issues the children have raised through their pictures. We have also invited several child-centered organizations including the Ghana National Commission on Children, The NGO Coalition for the Rights of the Child, and The National Youth Council. We hope media will attend also.


We will host an exhibit for the community as well on Sunday October 7, which will give parents, the Parent Teacher Association, and the local community an opportunity to see what their children have accomplished. At the moment, we are still putting the final touches together, with the children writing their stories and the captions for the pictures, and me pounding the pavement – the HOT pavement – in Accra to get the final logistics in place.


I am feeling hopeful and believe the exhibit will be successful. I have been told October is Black History Month, and this in itself should bring a lot of the general public to the British Council, and I hope that due to the placement of our exhibit people will take the time to browse through it. At the very least, I want it to be a great experience for the kids, as this will be their first time “doing” advocacy. I hope the experience encourages and motivates them to do even more!


I’ll take this moment to offer my sincerest thank you to everyone who contributed to Ghana Make You Move! It was an incredibly successful event and the generosity expressed by so many people is now paying off in leaps and bounds. For one, I was able to buy each participant their own camera – which they’ll keep of course – and as we’ve seen could serve as an important income earner for many poor families. Second, the venue we are having the exhibit at is not particular cheap, but it is well respected and programs there are held in high regard. So, I had my heart set on having the show there and am grateful we have the financial means to do so. In addition, here no program where ministers and the like are invited can be without food and a reception, and so another way the funds are helping. And finally, I can afford to have the pictures developed at a quality place and to have the selected exhibit photos enlarged so that everything looks professional and well put together.


None of this would have been possible without everyone’s support of this project and I wanted to remind everyone of my true and deep appreciation!

Monday, August 13, 2007

Newells Academy Fundraiser












On Sunday August 5, Newells Academy hosted a fundraiser and class 6 graduation ceremony. The money is needed to help build a proper school for the children. We were lucky to unexpectedly have electricity that day, so our expenditure wasn't as high because we did not have to rent a generator and buy fuel... But, even so, after the expenses we did have, we raised only 4,830,000 cedis. This is equivalent to about $550 dollars - which due to inflation will not go too far. Every little bit helps though, and at least its a start.




Here are some pictures of the event... the children performed dances, a play, and recited some poems. There was also lots of music, speeches, and some dancing.




Keep clicking on those ads!








Saturday, August 11, 2007

Some Questions to Ponder

My work here in Ghana has brought many new questions to my mind... ones that I did not and could not anticipate, and also which have come from unexpected places. I am grateful for all the conversations I've had with my co-researchers, host family, and community members who have let me into their daily lives and welcomed a stranger with open arms.



I welcome people's comments and look forward to a fruitful dialogue...



Here are some questions which have illuminated themselves. Thanks to Tim for asking me: What are the important questions emerging from my inquiry?



Many conversations and observations have led me to ask: What legacy does colonialism leave (especially in Ghana, 50 years after political independence; many astutely observe that economic imperialism/colonialism is far from over).



How does the legacy of colonialism affect the individual psyche? The collective psyche? In Uganda, I was told by many African scholars that post-colonial thinking was over and that nobody wants to hear it anymore! But, I struggle with this, as people talk about the legacy colonialism left in many subtle and not so subtle ways.



How can/does a community psyche and/or identity influence children? Are children brought up - either intentionally or unintentionally - to accept their life and "prescribed future"?



What implicit and/or implicit messages do children receive about their history? About their future? I ask this question because it seems that children are told, in many ways, that poverty is a given and that one should just accept their "prescribed future"...



What are the rules, attitudes, and values of "the system" in Ghana - especially institutions which work with/for children?



As I ask these questions, I wonder how they all mesh together to create the circumstances which children find themselves. More and more I hear messages in people's speech which imply that children do not matter until they are adults - they are silly, they don't know, they can't make decisions... huge hurdles when my hope is that these children I am working with will be able to create meaningful and significant change in their communities. In the end, I wonder - do nations/communities which provide children with meaningful opportunities for participation in their society perform better on various 'quality of life' indicators? How does participation of all groups of people - obviously including children - benefit a nation?

Wednesday, August 1, 2007

Research Summary

I am getting a lot of questions.... so what exactly is your research about? In my head it all makes sense, but I am sure I give a different answer everytime I am asked. Here is a brief summary of what my research interests are and how I have set up this project. I am sending this out to local NGOs and government ministries so that they have an idea of what I am doing and will hopefully attend the closing event at the end of September (ahh... next month already). I'd love to hear your feedback and comments...

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The following research and community development project is taking place in Oyarifa near Accra, Ghana. Ultimately, the interest for this project arose out of the belief that research with communities – rather than on communities – can be used as a tool for development. Collectively creating knowledge and recovering lost knowledge/wisdom can and should be used by a community to collectively create the transformation of their society they desire.

The question arose though – what is the experience of personal transformation that co-researchers encounter while engaging in the activities and learnings of community transformation? In other words, while the concepts of participatory development, monitoring and evaluation, and research are all now mainstream we have yet to explore the role of personal healing as an ingredient to community development. Thus, another question begs to be asked: What are the therapeutic benefits and elements of participation in a community based development project?

With these ideas in mind, this project was conceptualized as having two distinct, yet mutually important elements. The first is a twelve week research/community assessment/development experience. Twenty three children attending Newells Academy in Oyarifa, Ghana are using the Photovoice (www.photovoice.com) methodology to tell the story of the concerns they have for their community. After an initial theme creation workshop, all co-researchers now have their own camera and are taking pictures of health and safety concerns in their community. Critical reflection , analysis, and actions to address these concerns will follow, culminating in a photo exhibit. It is expected that community members, parents, NGOs, and government ministries will be present at the exhibit, where children’s voices, pictures, and writing will educate adults about what children are concerned about and want to take action on.

The second element involves focus group discussions to learn about the personal experience of participation in this project. I want to learn what role personal growth and change has in the process of community transformation – since in essence it is people that comprise our communities and societies. If they transform does the community transform? And if so, through what process and mechanisms? And how can these be incorporated into future development projects so that we all begin to see the world we desire?

Ultimately, this project is about having the voices of children heard. Too often their opinions and ideas are not sought, yet the policies created and decisions made today will directly affect them for the longest period of time. The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child – which Ghana was the first country to sign – proclaims that children have the right to participate and voice their opinions on matters that affect them. This project hopes to do just that and hopes that the adults in their community and country take the opportunity at the photo exhibit to listen.

Newells Academy & Link Social Club






The last month has proven to be quite the adventure, and time seems to be flying by at an incredibly fast rate. Its hard to believe I didn't manage to update this blog all through the month of July.


Here are some pictures of Newells Academy, where I am doing my thesis research. The main building also serves as my host family's home... and so I stay here too. The nursery classroom is beside my bedroom, and the kitchen outback serves about 100 to 150 students (depending on how many show up to school, which again is largely dependent on if it is raining heavily or not).


The school goes from nursery to JSS 1 - which is like Canada's grade 7. Next term (staring in September) the school will add JSS 2 (Grade 8). The facilities at the school are not great... there are usually 2 if not 3 students sharing a desk and textbook. There is no electricity or running water, no playground for the young students, and not even anywhere comfortable to sit when eating lunch. And yet, the school manages to function though there is no doubt in my mind that a better environment to learn in would benefit the students immensely.
The last picture, with the trees, is a common meeting place where all staff meetings and the like take place. So Africa and I love it!

We are hosting a fundraiser on Sunday, August 5 and I hope it is relatively as successful as my Ghana Make You Move! event. The school is raising money to build better classrooms and facilities... I hope to come back one day when they are ready to start building so that I can help out. With that said, please continue to click on the advertisements at the bottom of this screen. You don't need to buy anything, but when you click on the add I earn money which is all going directly to Newells Academy!!!


Enjoy the photos!

Tuesday, June 26, 2007

One Month In...

Here I am, one month in and its been quite the experience both personally and professionally.

Personally, the most challenging experience so far has been having malaria - which I had about 2 weeks ago! I started feeling sick on a Tuesday afternoon... generally, I just felt "off". I wasn't hungry, I felt week, and very tired. By evening time though, the symptoms were gone and I thought I was fine. The next day at about 10.30am I started feeling sick again and was at the doctor by 12.30 to have a test for malaria. I am happy to report I didn't faint during my needle (I had great emotional support from Wofa), but almost did when waiting in the hallway for my test results. Obviously the result was positive and it was off to the pharmacy for my meds. Overall, I spent less than $5 dollars on my medications... which only made me think more about how ridiculous it is when people die of malaria!!! It is such a common sickness here and so easily treatable, that there is no way people should be dying.

After feeling better, I went away for the weekend to Kokrobrite - a beach town to the west of Accra. Six of us set of together on Saturday - 4 Canadian and 2 Dutch - and 3 more Canadians joined us on Sunday. It felt great to get away and meet some more people. It was really interesting to learn about everyone's work in Ghana and to get some suggestions of who I should be in touch with here. I was also proud of the fact that I made it to the trotro (bus) station all by myself with no problems. Now I feel much more confident about getting around Accra independently...

Speaking of which, independence, has been a major struggle for me. I really want to be able to get around on my own, go the market myself, etc... without always needing someone to come with me. But, I am recognizing that while I have been here a month now it is simply not enough time to be completely independent and I am learning to ask for help. This isn't easy, especially when I need to ask for help for simple things I could do at home no problem. Thankfully, Wofa is being patient with me and is helping me learn...

Professionally... things are beginning to take off. I had my first meeting with my co-researchers last Wednesday and they are a great group! We will be meeting every Wednesday afternoon, as the school already closes early that day and so that children will still be home in time to complete their chores (and hopefully do a bit of school work too!). When I am not with the kids, I am busy planning the weekly sessions, and 'running' into town to run errands and pick up supplies for the group. I put running in quotation marks because running to do errands is simply not the reality here. I must give myself at least 4 or 5 hours - at least - for a round trip.

I will also be teaching English classes in 4 of the classes. I think I will teach English comprehension, as it is clear that many students can read but are not able to clearly grasp what it is they are reading. I think this is a critical piece of their education, especially while trying to develop critical thinkers who can analyze what it is they are reading and think deeply about their world.

Thursday, June 7, 2007

14 days and nights in Ghana

Its hard to believe, but I have now been in Ghana for two weeks! The time is flying by as I get settled in to my new home, routine, and work...

So first, home: I live with the Martey family just east of Madina, near a village called Oyarifa. So, I was pleasantly surprised to learn that I am actually living about 14 miles outside of Accra (the capital city). I am thrilled to be away from the hustle of the crazy big city, and to be enjoying somewhat rural life in Ghana. My host family are the ones who started Newells Academy and Link Social Club - which is where I am working. As is the African way, almost the entire family lives at home, and so I am never lonely and always well taken care of. Their son, Wofa, is only 6 weeks older than me, so I feel like I have found my twin African brother. We get along great and so I always have a friend around.

Routine: The day begins early in Africa, and I am usually up anywhere between just before 7 and 7:15 during the week (on weekends its a bit later, but by 9 am its too hot to be in bed). I have my bucket shower - literally, water in one bucket while using a smaller bucket to pour water over my head - and then get ready for the day ahead. At the moment, this consists of visiting the older students in their classes, creating opportunities to get to know them and for them to get to know me, and I've even taught a few English classes. The other day, I even had a Twi lesson (the local language) from the students in class 5 (10-12 year olds). It was lots of fun and the best part was when they thanked me for listening to them!!! Precisely what I am here to do... I usually don't spend the entire day at the school as I get prepared to start my research. I've been updating my ethics application - which is still approved - reading and preparing the first couple of times I meet with the children. The evenings can be pretty quiet at home, since every 2 days or so we don't have electricity at night. On those nights, I usually eat my dinner and then go to bed by 7:30 or 8. When there is electricity, I might watch TV for a bit, but the shows we get are pretty bad. We get a few Italian soap operas - don't ask my why Italian - translated into English, but I hate soaps at the best of times and these are really really horrible. There is also a local version of American Idol, which is lives on Saturday nights... I will be attending this weekend!

My work: The children I will be working with are mostly members of the school's associated NGO - Link Social Club. Though, I am hoping that a few others who don't attend this voluntary club will also want to be part of the research. There are some really great kids around! The club was started by Bennett - the head of the family I am living with - to educate children about the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. The intention is for the children to take their learnings back to the rural villages and to become peer educators about children's rights. As such, advocacy is a well known word around here and the children are already engaged. I am looking forward to the upcoming journey and hope it will be a success. The teachers of the school are also really excited and I think it will be a great learning opportunity for all involved. Generally, this is a fairly disorganized and unmobalized community and I hope to see some change before I leave!

My observations: The most striking observation for me so far has been my experience as a White person here and the dual light in which I am seen. I am asked a lot of questions - especially by the teachers at the school - which are prefaced with "since you are so advanced in Canada", or "since you are the experts", or "since Whites know so much more than us...". It has been strange for me, as its been a first hand experience at how generations and generations of oppression can be internalized to the point where someone can ask a question and not realize how self depricating it is. I always try and begin every answer with something that Canada does not do well (IE: our record with First Nations and Aboriginal people, the fact that Canada got reprimanded for our poor implementation of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, etc...) to put the country (and hopefully myself) in a more realistic light. It always shocks people, but I definitely don't want to be seen as the "expert" on how to live. There are lots of wonderful traditions and things happening here. The other side of this coin, is that I seem to represent all White people and the politics of the West. In other words, I seem to represent all that is unjust and unfair in this world. People here are especially concerned with the media and feel strongly that Black people are completely misrepresented and that "us Whites" are misinformed. I also get a lot of 'why' questions in regards to why the world is the way it is. I don't necessarily feel anger or blame coming from people's inquires, but rather a refreshing curiosity about why things are the way they are. There have been a few times where I have simply had to say... "you're right... and I can't even begin to try and explain anything away".

So, that is the first two weeks in Ghana.... 4 months to go!

Thursday, May 24, 2007

The Pearl of Africa - Uganda!

















I have spent the last 8 days in the Pearl of Africa - Uganda! It is no wonder that this beautiful country has earned such a nickname.

I arrived on the evening of May 16th, got to our hostel with no problem and slept what was a very sound sleep. After 28 hours of traveling, it was no nice to be able to stretch out and sleep comfortably. I also really love sleeping under a mosquito net! It was up early the next morning, in order to get a bus to Mbarara in south west Uganda.

As per the typical African way, I entered what appeared to be a seeminly chaotic bus station, with "conductors" asking where you were going and pulling you towards their bus. I was lucky enough to meet two seasoned Ugandan travellers who were also on their way to Mbarara, so they taught me about bargaining and what a fair price was for the bus. We finally picked a bus - strategically of course, because you must pick the fullest bus so that it leaves the soonest. In other words, there are no set departure times in Africa. You leave simply when the bus is full - and not full to Canadian standards... but full!!! Children sitting on their mother's or father's lap, the under-carriage full of everything from luggage, to mattresses, to cassava, etc... and the inside of the bus with extra luggage, vendors selling their wares... Oh craziness!

A four hour, cramped, but picturesque trip took us to the little city (about 220,000 people) of Mbarara. We stayed at the guesthouse for staff of the Healthy Child Uganda project - A health project funded by CIDA and administered by the International Centre at the University of Calgary (where I worked). We had a great host - Erin - who then traveled with me and several others the next day to Kikagati (pronounced Chickagati). This is a small, rural village very very close to the Tanzania border. We ventured there for two reasons. First, the communities involved with Healthy Child Uganda are interested in bringing BioSand Filters into their communities. BioSand Filters are a cost-efficient and very effective home-based technology for cleaning water so that it is safe to drink. An NGO in Kikagati - ACTS (African Community Technical Services) - as installed many BioSand Filters, so we went so that Healthy Child Uganda reps could learn about the filter and the processes used to bring them to people in the village.






We also visited Kikagati so that I could vist the water catchment project that Leor worked on 2 years ago! It was a very special experience for me to be able to see what his hard work had produced and to meet so many people with such fond memories of him. It was a great day!

Back in Mbarara, we had dinner with Teddy and her family. I met Teddy when she came to Canada for the International Partnerships Symposium in October 2006. It was fabulous to meet her in her own home, to meet her husband and her two, fully of energy, daughters.

Back in Kampala, I have just spent the last 5 days at the 7th Annual Pan African Social Work Conference. The event opened on Sunday, May 20th with a fabulous display of Bugandan dancing (one of the many cultures found in Uganda), food, drinks, and great company from all over Africa, Europe, North America, and Australia. Monday was the beginning of the program, with keynote speakers and many many paper presentations. Tuesday was by far the best part of the conference, as we had representatives from the International Criminal Court (ICC) and the NGO Coalition for the Criminal Court. This coalition lobbies its respective governments to support the ICC and to fulfill their promises made to the court. It was an intense day, learning about the conflicts in Africa that the ICC is involved with and the leaders of war crimes which they are investigating. They have an arrest warrant out for Joseph Kony - who is "alledgely" responsible for war crimes in Northern Uganda, and are also investigating war crimes in Darfur.

We watched an extremely powerful and comprehensive video about the ICC called "In Search of International Justice". It is a Canadian film, and more information can be found at www.judyfilms.com. Perhaps the Marda Loop International Justice Film Festival will show it in November!

Wednesday was similar to Monday, with lots of paper presentations, and today, Thursday, was just wrapping up the conference and saying goodbye to new colleagues. Pictures are coming soon...

Tomorrow, my adventure in Accra, Ghana begins! Stay tuned....